Trump’s leadership traits are bad news for democrats in Africa
- John J Stremlau
African governments are understandably concerned about how Donald Trump’s surprise election as the 45th US president might affect their interests.
Thus far Trump has given no sign that he will accord Africa any higher priority than his predecessors. His promises to expand and escalate America鈥檚 so-called , however, are raising fears of US military intervention in Africa. Beyond that he has offered no policy views on Africa and his campaign had only a tiny team of foreign policy advisers.
Unlike his opponent, Hillary Clinton, and all previous US presidents Trump has had no previous government or military service. His , however, have been on public display for most of his 70 years.
These too mark a sharp departure from past standards of presidential behaviour. At this stage, Africans might benefit more from an assessment of Trump the man we already know. His most distinctive personal attributes are not so foreign.
Consider the following leadership traits evident during 罢谤耻尘辫鈥檚 contentious campaign and current transition to his presidency.
Traits that will give demagogues comfort
Favouring strongmen over strong institutions:
His accusations questioning the integrity of the US electoral process and governing institutions were unprecedented in modern US presidential politics. And promises that he alone could save the nation sounded more autocratic than democratic. This will surely reassure the strongman in the Kremlin (Russian President Vladimir Putin) as well as those who still rule many African states and chafed at US President Barack Obama鈥檚 call for to limit executive powers.
Crony capitalism:
The bane of many African countries, this risks becoming endemic to the new administration. Trump has demonstrated a disregard for conflicts of interest. In fact, he claims that he is legally exempt from . If America鈥檚 president can profit from public service, why should Africa鈥檚 strongmen not seize such opportunities?
Transparency:
is also unprecedented among modern major party presidential candidates. It is also a warning that his administration will lack transparency. Trump, no less than Africa鈥檚 strongmen, said whatever he felt served his selfish interests, with little regard for the .
Trump is tribal:
His campaign to became a motto primarily for a return to an America dominated by white, Christian men. This appeal to ethnic rather than civic nationalism has a long history in Africa鈥檚 failed democratic experiments. 罢谤耻尘辫鈥檚 appeal to white nationalism may not spur a renewal of African tribalism but it is definitely an example Africa鈥檚 democrats will not welcome.
Dignity and equality for women:
罢谤耻尘辫鈥檚 disregard for dignity and equality of women rivals the most orthodox behaviour of traditional African leaders. His glamourising of male dominance with a modern gloss is likely to resonate perniciously in Africa鈥檚 media and society.
Infallibility:
This is another self-righteous trait Trump shares with African autocrats such as Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe. It means never accepting responsibility and always . While Trump cannot ascribe his failures to American imperialism, his so far successful conjuring of conspiracies and excuses for his self-inflicted shortcomings may reassure his like-minded peers in Africa.
Freedom of expression: One of America鈥檚 most revered constitutional principles, this was repeatedly challenged by 罢谤耻尘辫鈥檚 extreme campaign rhetoric. And his recent call to make flag-burning a suggests he is either ignorant of the constitution he will soon swear to uphold, or considers himself above the law. This is an all too familiar affliction of African autocrats, and even some duly elected.
Repression:
Trump doesn鈥檛 accept criticism, whether in the media or from human rights and other civil society organisations. Repression of both groups has a long history in Africa and has . 罢谤耻尘辫鈥檚 example that should alarm those in Africa who advocate for greater government transparency and accountability.
鈥淔act-free鈥 world:
罢谤耻尘辫鈥檚 鈥渇act-free鈥 emotional appeals during his campaign contained hundreds of that appeared not to trouble his supporters. This new politics has continued with wrongful . Such practices are not unknown in Africa.
Climate change denialism:
罢谤耻尘辫鈥檚 could undermine African governments and harm millions of their citizens imperilled by the effects of climate change. His likely failure to honour America鈥檚 commitments will deny badly needed relief to African countries, exacerbating local conflicts, imposition of emergency powers and suppression of dissent.
If aspects of 罢谤耻尘辫鈥檚 character and temperament appear as familiar threats to Africa鈥檚 democrats, this may be a timely reminder that no democracy is ever secure, including the country that was until recently the continent鈥檚 democratic champion, .
, Visiting Professor of International Relations,
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